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Meiosis is a specialized form of cell division that is fundamental to the reproductive system. It results in the production of gametes, which are the sperm in males and the eggs in females. During meiosis, the chromosome number is halved from diploid to haploid, ensuring that when fertilization occurs, the resulting zygote has the appropriate diploid number of chromosomes.

This process is vital for sexual reproduction, allowing for genetic diversity through the recombination of chromosomes. In contrast, the other body systems mentioned are not directly involved in reproduction or the formation of gametes. The nervous system is responsible for transmitting signals throughout the body, the circulatory system is involved in the transport of blood and nutrients, and the endocrine system coordinates various bodily functions through hormones, but these systems do not play a direct role in the process of meiosis. Therefore, recognizing that meiosis is specifically pertinent to the reproductive system clarifies why this body system is primarily affected by meiosis.